The Development and Validation of the Langer Mindfulness Scale - Enabling a Socio-Cognitive Perspective of Mindfulness in Organizational Contexts

Abstract

This article outlines the development of a 14-item measure of socio-cognitive mindfulness. Using 9 samples (including multisource and multi-wave data) with a total of 4,345 responses the authors developed a reliable scale with a tri-dimensional factor structure that replicated across 5 separate samples. The scale possessed both convergent and discriminant validity, and criterion related validity was demonstrated through the scale’s relation with psychological well-being, such as life satisfaction and humor, dimensions of physical well-being, e.g. strength, flexibility and reaction time, as well as aspects of social and organizational well-being including job satisfaction, creativity, and learning. Overall, the present study suggests that the Langer Mindfulness Scale (LMS14) is a reliable and valid measure and that the LMS has important implications for both individuals and organizations.

Keywords: Mindfulness, Socio-Cognitive, Measurement, Validation, Scale Development

JEL Classification: Z00