Entire Agreement - and Similar - Clauses

Journal of Contract Law, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 1-15, 2006

Sydney Law School Research Paper No. 07/53

16 Pages Posted: 31 Jul 2007

See all articles by Elisabeth Peden

Elisabeth Peden

The University of Sydney - Faculty of Law

John Carter

The University of Sydney - Faculty of Law

Abstract

Commercial contracts very commonly include clauses along the lines that the document, as executed by the parties, is their 'entire agreement'. The intention behind such a clause is simply to make the document in which it is contained an exhaustive statement of the express terms of the contract.

There is no magic in the words 'entire agreement'. Thus, the intention may be expressed in other words, such as by providing that the document is the 'entire understanding' of the parties, or including a clause that states 'all the terms and conditions' of the bargain are set out in the contract, and so on. Entire agreement clauses and similar clauses are therefore examples of provisions which expressly state an agreement that the document embodies the entire agreement or understanding between the parties or that the document sets out all the express terms and conditions of the bargain. As explained below, many such clauses have other objectives as well.

The purpose of this article is to review the use of entire agreement clauses. More specifically, our concern is to show that:

· entire agreement — and similar — clauses perform a useful and very important function, namely, to integrate the parties' bargain in a document;

· because the function reflects a particular conception of the nature of an entire agreement clause, the utility of the clause may be compromised by the introduction of other purposes; and

· where the clause purports to achieve more than integration of the bargain in a document, the drafting of an entire agreement clause must take full account of validity issues likely to be raised, particularly under Australian law.

As with any contractual provision, the meaning and legal effect of an entire agreement clause is a matter of interpretation. We should, however, begin with a brief consideration of the classification of contracts and the operation of the parol evidence rule.

Keywords: Contract law, entire agreements, parol evidence rule

JEL Classification: K12, K10

Suggested Citation

Peden, Elisabeth and Carter, John, Entire Agreement - and Similar - Clauses. Journal of Contract Law, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 1-15, 2006, Sydney Law School Research Paper No. 07/53, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1003946

Elisabeth Peden (Contact Author)

The University of Sydney - Faculty of Law ( email )

New Law Building, F10
The University of Sydney
Sydney, NSW 2006
Australia

John Carter

The University of Sydney - Faculty of Law ( email )

New Law Building, F10
The University of Sydney
Sydney, NSW 2006
Australia

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