Betrayal Aversion: When Agents of Protection Become Agents of Harm
Org. Behav. & Hum. Decision Processes, Vol. 90, p. 244, 2003
18 Pages Posted: 9 Sep 2009 Last revised: 7 Feb 2011
Date Written: 2003
Abstract
A form of betrayal occurs when agents of protection cause the very harm that they are entrusted to guard against. Examples include the military leader who commits treason and the exploding automobile air bag. We conducted five studies that examined how people respond to criminal betrayals, safety product betrayals, and the risk of future betrayal by safety products. We found that people reacted more strongly (in terms of punishment assigned and negative emotions felt) to acts of betrayal than to identical bad acts that do not violate a duty or promise to protect. We also found that, when faced with a choice among pairs of safety devices (air bags, smoke alarms, and vaccines), most people preferred inferior options (in terms of risk exposure) to options that included a slim (0.01%) risk of betrayal. However, when the betrayal risk was replaced by an equivalent non-betrayal risk, the choice pattern was reversed. Apparently, people are willing to incur greater risks of the very harm they seek protection from to avoid the mere possibility of betrayal.
Keywords: Risk, betrayal, protection cause
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation