International Knowledge Flows: Evidence from Patent Citations

42 Pages Posted: 24 Aug 1999 Last revised: 14 Oct 2022

See all articles by Adam B. Jaffe

Adam B. Jaffe

Brandeis University; Motu Economic and Public Policy Research; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Manuel Trajtenberg

Tel Aviv University - Eitan Berglas School of Economics; Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Date Written: April 1998

Abstract

This paper explores the patterns of citations among patents taken out by inventors in the U.S., the U.K., France, Germany and Japan. We find (1) patents assigned to the same firm are more likely to cite each other, and come sooner than other citations; (2) patents in the same patent class are approximately 100 times as likely to cite each other as patents from different patent classes there is not a strong time pattern to this effect; (3) patents whose inventors reside in the same country are typically 30 to 80% more likely to cite each other than inventors from other countries, and these citations come sooner; and (4) there are clear country-specific citation tendencies; e.g., Japanese citations typically come sooner than those of other countries.

Suggested Citation

Jaffe, Adam B. and Trajtenberg, Manuel, International Knowledge Flows: Evidence from Patent Citations (April 1998). NBER Working Paper No. w6507, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=161296

Adam B. Jaffe (Contact Author)

Brandeis University ( email )

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Manuel Trajtenberg

Tel Aviv University - Eitan Berglas School of Economics ( email )

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Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)

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National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

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