Vertical Relations Under Credit Constraints
Forthcoming, Journal of the European Economic Association.
31 Pages Posted: 18 Jul 2012
There are 2 versions of this paper
Vertical Relations Under Credit Constraints
Vertical Relations Under Credit Constraints
Date Written: July 9, 2012
Abstract
We model the impact credit constraints and market risk have on the vertical relationships between firms in the supply chain. Firms which might face credit constraints in future investments become endogenously risk averse when accumulating pledgable assets. In the short run, the optimal supply contract involves risk sharing, so inducing double marginalization. Credit constraints thus result in higher retail prices, and this is true whether the firm is debt or equity funded. Further, we offer a new theory of supplier finance arms as we show an intrinsic complementarity between supply and lending which reduces financing inefficiencies created by informational asymmetries. The model offers: a theory of countervailing power based on credit constraints; a transmission mechanism linking the cost of borrowing with retail prices; and a motive for outsourcing supply (or distribution) in the face of market risk.
Keywords: risk aversion, vertical contracting, double marginalization, outsourcing, risk sharing, countervailing incentives, finance arms, countervailing power
JEL Classification: L14, L16
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation
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