Intertwined Real and Monetary Stochastic Business Cycles

Abstract

There is no such thing as a 'real' economy. The task, therefore, is to consistently reconstruct the fluctuations of employment and output from the interactions of real and nominal variables. The present paper does exactly this. No nonempirical concepts like utility, equilibrium, rationality, decreasing returns or perfect competition are applied. The analysis runs rigorously in objective structural axiomatic terms. Therefrom follows that it is the factor cost ratio, i.e. the relation of the nominal variables wage rate and price and the real variable productivity that, for any given level of effective demand, drives the fluctuations of employment and output.

Keywords: new framework of concepts, structure-centric, axiom set, profit, distributed profit, Say’s regime, supersymmetric price, Slutzky-cycle, transaction money, general multiplier

JEL Classification: E10, E24, E32