From Airtours to Ryanair: Is the More Economic Approach to EU Merger Law Really About More Economics?

Common Market Law Review 49: 217–246, 2012

30 Pages Posted: 4 Dec 2013 Last revised: 17 Nov 2019

See all articles by Anne Witt

Anne Witt

EDHEC Business School - Department of Legal Sciences

Date Written: 2013

Abstract

In 2002, the General Court famously annulled three merger prohibitions under the EC Merger Regulation because of serious errors of assessment. Amongst others, it held that the Commission had ignored economic theory. Consequently, the Commission announced radical changes to its approach to ensure that future assessments would be based on rigorous economic and econometric analysis. This contribution examines the changes introduced by the Commission’s ‘more economic approach’ to EU merger review. An analysis of the Commission’s merger guidelines and decisions reveals that the core of the new approach by no means lies in the use of econometric analyses and complex theories of microeconomics. Its essence rather lies in aligning the purpose of EU merger law with the consumer welfare aim of modern industrial economics. On the basis of this new legal objective, the Commission reinterpreted the substantive test of EU merger law as containing an unwritten consumer harm requirement and reconsidered the role of efficiency effects. The Commission’s new concept of harm is not entirely compatible with the case law of the Court of Justice, which continues to adhere to its ‘less economic’ concepts of the 1970s. Moreover, the Commission’s attempts to reconcile the two worlds have resulted in theories of harm that are ambiguous and therefore detrimental to legal certainty.

Keywords: EU merger law, competition law

JEL Classification: K21

Suggested Citation

Witt, Anne C., From Airtours to Ryanair: Is the More Economic Approach to EU Merger Law Really About More Economics? (2013). Common Market Law Review 49: 217–246, 2012, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2362926

Anne C. Witt (Contact Author)

EDHEC Business School - Department of Legal Sciences ( email )

France

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