Creeping Acquisitions in Europe: Enabling Companies to Be Better Safe than Sorry

69 Pages Posted: 10 Sep 2014 Last revised: 12 Dec 2014

See all articles by Luca Enriques

Luca Enriques

University of Oxford Faculty of Law; European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)

Matteo Gatti

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey - Rutgers Law School; European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)

Date Written: August 1, 2014

Abstract

Creeping acquisitions -- grabs of a company’s de facto control without the launch of a formal tender offer -- are an acquisition technique that presents many risks. Not only can stock prices be negatively affected in the short term (after the acquirer is satisfied by the stake it accumulates, the stock price is likely to drop below pre-acquisition values and the remaining shareholders are stuck with minority shares), but such acquisitions can also have long ranging consequences for the market for corporate control (too many acquisitions by suboptimal acquirers, as well as permanent loss of a company’s contestability status and therefore of any prospects to obtain a control premium), as well as in the governance of a company (de facto control can lead to the extraction of higher private benefits of control). Notwithstanding all such risks, EU corporate and M&A laws largely fail to address the issue, both at the European level and in individual member states. As a result, European public companies can easily become the target of a creeping acquisition, whereas poison pills and other defensive mechanisms have shielded U.S. companies quite effectively. This paper argues that a legislative overhaul of current regimes -- especially of the mandatory bid system -- to address creeping acquisitions may well be overreaching given the drawbacks of one-size-fits-all solutions and the risk of shutting down the market for corporate control or clamping down hedge fund activism. Instead, this paper recommends a lift on existing limitations to a company’s freedom to determine its preferred level of openness to creeping acquisitions (and takeovers more generally). European legislation should provide an optional regime whereby companies can select effective arrangements to thwart or limit creeping acquisitions.

Keywords: Corporate Governance, Mergers and Acquisitions, Takeovers, Creeping Acquisition, Tender Offer, Mandatory Bid Rule, Poison Pill, Enabling Rules, Hedge Fund Activism, Substantial Acquisition Rules, European Takeover Regulation

JEL Classification: D21, G32, G34, G38, K22

Suggested Citation

Enriques, Luca and Gatti, Matteo, Creeping Acquisitions in Europe: Enabling Companies to Be Better Safe than Sorry (August 1, 2014). European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI) - Law Working Paper No. 264/2014, Oxford Legal Studies Research Paper No. 69/2014, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2492158 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2492158

Luca Enriques (Contact Author)

University of Oxford Faculty of Law ( email )

St Cross Building
St Cross Road
Oxford, OX1 3UL
United Kingdom

European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)

c/o the Royal Academies of Belgium
Rue Ducale 1 Hertogsstraat
1000 Brussels
Belgium

HOME PAGE: http://http:/www.ecgi.org

Matteo Gatti

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey - Rutgers Law School ( email )

Newark, NJ
United States

European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI) ( email )

c/o the Royal Academies of Belgium
Rue Ducale 1 Hertogsstraat
1000 Brussels
Belgium

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