The Division of Labor in Teams: A Conceptual Framework and Application to Collaborations in Science

40 Pages Posted: 16 May 2016 Last revised: 10 Apr 2022

See all articles by Carolin Häussler

Carolin Häussler

University of Passau

Henry  Sauermann

Georgia Institute of Technology

Date Written: May 2016

Abstract

Even though teams have become the dominant mode of knowledge production, little is known regarding how they divide work among their members. Conceptualizing knowledge production as a process involving a number of functional activities, we first develop a conceptual framework to study the division of labor in teams. This framework highlights three complementary perspectives: (1) individual level (the degree to which team members specialize vs. work as generalists), (2) activity level (the degree to which activities are concentrated among few team members vs. distributed among many) and (3) the intersection between the two (e.g., which activities are performed jointly by the same individual). We then employ this framework to explore team-based knowledge production using a newly available type of data – the disclosures of author contributions on scientific papers. Using data from over 12,000 articles, we provide unique descriptive insights into patterns of division of labor, demonstrating the value of the three complementary perspectives. We also apply the framework to uncover differences in the division of labor in teams of different size, working in novel vs. established fields, and on single vs. interdisciplinary projects. Finally, we show how division of labor is related to the quality of teams’ research output. We discuss opportunities for extending and applying our framework as well as implications for scientists and policy makers.

Suggested Citation

Haeussler, Carolin and Sauermann, Henry , The Division of Labor in Teams: A Conceptual Framework and Application to Collaborations in Science (May 2016). NBER Working Paper No. w22241, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2780252

Carolin Haeussler (Contact Author)

University of Passau ( email )

Innstrasse 27
Passau, 94032
Germany

Henry  Sauermann

Georgia Institute of Technology ( email )

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