Executive Compensation in Japan: Estimating Levels and Determinants from Tax Records
36 Pages Posted: 7 Dec 2006
Date Written: December 2006
Abstract
Most studies of executive compensation have data on pay, but not on total income. Studies of executives in Japan do not even have good data on pay. Although we too lack direct data on Japanese salaries, from income tax filings we compile data on total executive incomes, and from financial records obtain some indication of which executives have substantial investment income. We find that Japanese executives earn far less than U.S. executives - holding firm size constant, about one-third the pay of their U.S. peers. Using tobit regression analysis, we further confirm that executive pay in Japan depends on firm size, with an elasticity of .24, but not on accounting profitability or stock returns. Corporate governance variables such as board composition have little or no effect on executive compensation, except that firms with large lead shareholders do appear to pay less.
Keywords: Executive compensation, Japan, Incentive pay, Corporate governance
JEL Classification: D24, G30, G34, J31, J33, J44, K23, L84
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation
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