Does Debtor Protection Really Protect Debtors? Evidence from the Small Business Credit Market
42 Pages Posted: 19 Mar 2008 Last revised: 27 Mar 2014
Date Written: December 2008
Abstract
This paper analyzes how different levels of debtor protection across U.S. states affect small firms' access to credit, as well as the price and non-price terms of their loans. We use a measure of debtor protection that has its maximum value when the borrower's home equity is lower than the state homestead exemption (the debtor's home equity is fully protected), and is decreasing in the difference between the home equity and the homestead exemption (the amount that the creditor can seize). We find that the unlimited liability small businesses (sole proprietorships and most partnerships) have lower access to credit in states with more debtor-friendly bankruptcy laws. In addition, these businesses face harsher loan terms - they are more likely to pledge business collateral, have shorter maturities, pay higher rates, and borrow smaller amounts. For limited liability small businesses (corporations and limited liability partnerships), we also find a reduction in credit availability but of smaller magnitude, together with an increase in the loan rate, and decrease in loan amounts. Our results also suggest that the personal bankruptcy law especially affects firm owners with low home equity values.
Keywords: Debtor protection, bankruptcy, small business, credit availability, agency problems
JEL Classification: G32, G33, K2, K35
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation
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