Consensus, Disorder, and Ideology on the Supreme Court
Vanderbilt Law and Economics Research Paper No. 10-07
Vanderbilt Public Law Research Paper No. 10-11
U of Texas Law, Public Law Research Paper No. 167
U of Texas Law, Law and Econ Research Paper No. 172
Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, Forthcoming
37 Pages Posted: 5 Mar 2010 Last revised: 30 Mar 2011
Date Written: March 24, 2011
Abstract
Ideological models are widely accepted as the basis for many academic studies of the Supreme Court because of their power in predicting the justices’ decision making behavior. Not all votes are easily explained or well predicted by attitudes, however. Consensus in Supreme Court voting, particularly the extreme consensus of unanimity, has often puzzled Court observers who adhere to ideological accounts of judicial decision making. Are consensus and (ultimately) unanimity driven by extreme factual scenarios or extreme lower court rulings such that even the most liberal and most conservative justice can agree on the case disposition? Or are they driven by other, non-attitudinal influences on judicial decisions? In this paper, we rely on a measure of deviations from expected ideological patterns in the justices’ voting to assess whether ideological models provide an adequate explanation of consensus on the Court. We find that case factors that predict voting disorder also predict consensus. Based on that finding, we conclude that consensus on the Court cannot be explained by ideology alone; rather, it often results from ideology’s being outweighed by other influences on justices’ decisions.
Keywords: Supreme Court, consensus, attitudinalism
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