Transparency and Participation of Civil Society in International Institutions Related to Biotechnology
PARTICIPATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN TRADE, pp. 137-160, Thoye, B. Martimort-Asso, eds)., Ashgate, 2007
Posted: 28 Mar 2011
Date Written: December 1, 2006
Abstract
The advent of biotechnology has provoked a wide array of reactions ranging from optimism to profound scepticism. Despite an enthusiastic reception from some in the USA and elsewhere, biotechnology has encountered significant resistance in many parts of the world. In particular, biotechnology has raised concerns about the impact of the introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) on human health and the environment. In addition to the scientific controversy relating to the assessment of potential risks of consumption of GMO products or the introduction of GMOs into the environment, there are also societal controversies causing some civil society groups. This chapter aims to explore the level of participation of civil society, identify commonalities and assess transparency in the decision-making processes in three international institutions related to biotechnology: the bodies constituted under the Cartagena Protocol on Bio-Safety, the Codex Alimentarius, and the World Trade Organization. Within the context of these institutions, this paper examines three issues: the normative structure for accommodating participation and inputs from civil society; transparency in the decision-making processes; and the role civil society plays in decision-making and regime formation.
Keywords: Partcipation, Civil Society, Biotechnology
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