Exports, Foreign Direct Investments and Productivity: Are Services Firms Different?

31 Pages Posted: 16 Oct 2011

See all articles by Joachim Wagner

Joachim Wagner

University of Lueneburg - Institute of Economics; Max Planck Society for the Advancement of the Sciences - Max Planck Institute for Economics; IZA Institute of Labor Economics

Abstract

This paper contributes to the literature on international firm activities and firm performance by providing the first evidence on the link of productivity and both exports and foreign direct investment (fdi) in services firms from a highly developed country. It uses unique new data from Germany - one of the leading actors on the world market for services - that merge information from regular surveys and from a one-time special purpose survey performed by the Statistical Offices. Descriptive statistics, parametric and non-parametric statistical tests and regression analyses (with and without explicitly taking differences along the conditional productivity distribution and firms with extreme values, or outliers, into account) indicate that the productivity pecking order found in numerous studies using data for firms from manufacturing industries – where the firms with the highest productivity engage in fdi while the least productive firms serve the home market only and the productivity of exporting firms is in between – does not exist among firms from services industries. In line with the theoretical model and the empirical results for software firms from India provided by Bhattacharya, Patnaik and Shah (2010) there is evidence that firms with fdi are less productive than firms that export.

Keywords: exports, foreign direct investments, productivity, services firms

JEL Classification: F14, F21

Suggested Citation

Wagner, Joachim, Exports, Foreign Direct Investments and Productivity: Are Services Firms Different?. IZA Discussion Paper No. 6009, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1944712 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1944712

Joachim Wagner (Contact Author)

University of Lueneburg - Institute of Economics ( email )

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IZA Institute of Labor Economics

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