The Non-Identity Problem, Collective Rights, and the Threshold Conception of Harm

Tokyo Institute of Technology Department of Social Engineering Discussion Paper No. 2011-04

17 Pages Posted: 26 Nov 2011

Date Written: October 15, 2011

Abstract

One of the primary views on our supposed obligation towards our descendants in the context of environmental problems invokes the idea of the rights of future generations. A growing number of authors also hold that the descendants of those victimized by historical injustices, including colonialism and slavery, have the right to demand financial reparations for the sufferings of their distant ancestors. However, these claims of intergenerational rights face theoretical difficulties, notably the non-identity problem. To circumvent this problem in a relationship between present and future generations, some rights theorists replace future individual rights with such collective rights. Others advance the threshold conception of harm in discussing intergenerational relationships in general. Despite the significant implications these revisionist views might have, few efforts have been made to scrutinize their solidity.

To plug such a gap in the literature, this paper examines to what extent the collective understanding of intergenerational rights is pertinent. I also explore the virtues and drawbacks of the threshold interpretation of harm. The paper concludes by suggesting that the motivation behind these and other versions of the rights theory suffers from the ambiguity of a traditional dichotomy between perfect and imperfect duties.

Keywords: historical injustices, intergenerational justice, perfect and imperfect duties, rights of future generations

Suggested Citation

Usami, Makoto, The Non-Identity Problem, Collective Rights, and the Threshold Conception of Harm (October 15, 2011). Tokyo Institute of Technology Department of Social Engineering Discussion Paper No. 2011-04, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1964899 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1964899

Makoto Usami (Contact Author)

Kyoto University ( email )

Yoshida-Honmachi
Sakyo-ku
Kyoto, 606-8501
Japan
+81-75-753-2967 (Phone)

HOME PAGE: http://www.soc.titech.ac.jp/~usami/short_bio_in_English.htm

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