The Forgotten Right: Section 9 of the Charter, its Purpose and Meaning

Abstract

This paper examines why section 9 of the Charter, the right not to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned, has failed to flourish. The paper argues that the right has essentially remained dormant because the Supreme Court of Canada has not yet expressly identified the underlying purpose of this important constitutional guarantee. After briefly canvassing the current state of affairs under section 9, the paper shifts to a purposive analysis of the guarantee. Its historic antecedents, the provision’s drafting history, the international influences that helped shape its framing, the testimony of senior civil servants involved in its drafting, as well as its relationship to the other legal rights provisions, are all considered in an effort to bring to the surface the guarantee’s purpose: to protect individual liberty against unjustified state interference. With that purpose revealed, the paper turns to a critical analysis of the section 9 jurisprudence, arguing in favour of a renewed understanding of its key defining terms, “arbitrarily” and “detention”, in light of the overarching purpose of the guarantee. The paper contends that it is only through this sort of purposeful revitalization that section 9 can be transformed from a largely forgotten right to a meaningful constitutional protection of our most cherished freedom: liberty.

Reprinted with the permission of LexisNexis.

Keywords: charter, section 9, forgotten, right, purpose, meaning, imprisoned, detention, arbitrary

JEL Classification: K00, K40, K41, K42, K49