The Choice between Informal and Formal Restructuring: The Case of French Banks Facing Distressed SMEs

30 Pages Posted: 17 Jul 2012

See all articles by Régis Blazy

Régis Blazy

University of Strasbourg

Nirjhar Nigam

ICN BUSINESS SCHOOL

Jocelyn Martel

ESSEC Business School

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Date Written: July 16, 2012

Abstract

This paper investigates the determinants of the arbitration taking place after a corporate defaults. Two ways of resolving financial distress are conceivable: either the creditors privately renegotiate with the debtor, or a formal bankruptcy procedure is triggered. This arbitration depends on the legal context and, more specifically, on the national bankruptcy code. We use original data coming from the recovery units of five French commercial banks. Our sample gathers 735 credit lines allocated to 386 distressed companies We test four hypotheses. Hypothesis H1 proposes that bargaining power imbalances may have more impact on the arbitration than simple coordination failures, especially under court-administered legislations. Hypothesis H2 suggests that, to initiate the process of renegotiation, a bank needs information on the project’s profitability and on the managers’ reliability. To reach an agreement, the bank must ensure that both the conditions have been met. Hypothesis H3 predicts that the likelihood of renegotiation increases with the bank’s financial involvement. Hypothesis H4 focuses on the level of collateralization: when the bank has inclination for liquidation, collaterals may increase the occurrence of bankruptcy, provided the law facilitates such liquidation and preserves the bank’s priority. For testing the hypotheses H1 to H4, we use sequential LOGIT modeling to split between the variables explaining the decision to engage (or not) renegotiation and the variables explaining the success (or the failure) of renegotiation. Regarding H1, we find that even a court-administered procedure may not be dissuasive provided that the bank’s bargaining power is strong enough. Regarding H2, we show that the profitability of the project and the reliability of the managers are two essential conditions for avoiding bankruptcy.However,it takes some time to discover them. Regarding H3, our estimates show that, when the lending is bigger and/or when the debt contract is longer, then the chances of renegotiation are higher, but this does not predict such renegotiation shall be successful. Last, regarding H4, we do not find any evidence that the level of collateralization influences the arbitration between renegotiation and bankruptcy.

Keywords: Bankruptcy, Renegotiation, Banks, SME, Sequential LOGIT

JEL Classification: G33, K22

Suggested Citation

Blazy, Régis and Nigam, Nirjhar and Martel, Jocelyn, The Choice between Informal and Formal Restructuring: The Case of French Banks Facing Distressed SMEs (July 16, 2012). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2109434 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2109434

Régis Blazy (Contact Author)

University of Strasbourg ( email )

61, avenue de la foret noire
Strasbourg, Alsace 3000
France

Nirjhar Nigam

ICN BUSINESS SCHOOL ( email )

13 rue Michel Ney
Nancy, 54000
France

Jocelyn Martel

ESSEC Business School ( email )

Avenue Bernard Hirsch B.P. 50105
Cergy-Pontoise, 95021
France
33 1 34 43 33 21 (Phone)

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