The Changing Guard of Patent Law: Chevron Deference for the PTO

62 Pages Posted: 25 Oct 2012 Last revised: 8 Aug 2013

See all articles by Melissa F. Wasserman

Melissa F. Wasserman

The University of Texas at Austin - School of Law

Date Written: October 24, 2012

Abstract

Whereas Congress has increasingly turned to administrative agencies to regulate complex technical areas, the patent system has remarkably remained an outlier. In the patent arena, the judiciary — not a federal agency — is perceived to be the most important expositor of substantive patent law standards. Yet, as the criticism toward the patent system has grown, so too have the challenges to this unusual power dynamic. The calls for institutional reform culminated in late 2011 with the enactment of the historic Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA). Although scholars have recognized that the AIA bestows a glut of new powers upon the United States Patent and Trademark Office (PTO), this Article contends that commentators have failed to recognize the extent to which the AIA alters the fundamental power dynamics between the judiciary and the PTO. This Article contends that the AIA rejects over two hundred years of court dominance in patent policy by anointing the PTO the primary interpreter of the core patentability standards through its new formal adjudicatory authority.

Although the patent system has traditionally suffered from a lack of serious engagement with administrative law, applying administrative law principles to the AIA has tremendous implications for the roles of patent institutions and, as this Article argues, results in a normatively desirable outcome. The AIA, by making the PTO the primary expositor of its core provisions of the Patent Act, ushers the patent system into the modern administrative era — which has long recognized the deficiencies associated with judge-driven policy. Moreover, the incorporation of administrative law principles into the patent system has substantial implications for administrative law itself. As this Article attempts to reconcile the distinctive features of patent administration with existing administrative law jurisprudence, it provides insight into a prolonged circuit split on the proper approach to determining the triggering provisions for formal adjudication, as well as when a grant of formal adjudicatory authority carries with it the ability to speak with the force of law.

Keywords: patent law, administrative law, PTO, Chevron deference, formal adjudication

Suggested Citation

Wasserman, Melissa F., The Changing Guard of Patent Law: Chevron Deference for the PTO (October 24, 2012). William & Mary Law Review, Vol. 54, 2013, Illinois Program in Law, Behavior and Social Science Research Paper No. LBSS14-06, Illinois Public Law Research Paper No. 13-25, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2166560

Melissa F. Wasserman (Contact Author)

The University of Texas at Austin - School of Law ( email )

727 East Dean Keeton St
Austin, TX 78705
United States

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