Measuring the Cyclicality of Real Wages: How Important is Composition Bias

48 Pages Posted: 18 Jun 2004 Last revised: 26 Dec 2022

See all articles by Gary Solon

Gary Solon

University of Arizona; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Robert Barsky

Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago; University of Michigan at Ann Arbor - Department of Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Jonathan A. Parker

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Sloan School of Management; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Date Written: October 1992

Abstract

In the period since the 1960's, as in other periods, aggregate time series on real wages have displayed only modest cyclicality. Macroeconomists therefore have described weak cyclicality of real wages as a salient feature of the business cycle. Contrary to this conventional wisdom, our analysis of longitudinal microdata indicates that real wages have been substantially procyclical since the 1960's. We also find that the substantial procyclicality of men's real wages pertains even to workers that stay with the same employer and that women's real wages are less procyclical than men's. Numerous longitudinal studies besides ours have documented the substantial procyclicality of real wages, but none has adequately explained the discrepancy with the aggregate time series evidence. In accordance with a conjecture by Stockman (I983), we show that the true procyclicality of real wages is obscured in aggregate time series because of a composition bias: the aggregate statistics are constructed in a way that gives more weight to low-skill workers during expansions than during recessions. We conclude that, because real wages actually are much more procyclical than they appear in aggregate statistics, theories designed to explain the supposed weakness of real wage cyclicality may be unnecessary. and theories that predict substantially procyclical real wages become more credible.

Suggested Citation

Solon, Gary and Barsky, Robert B. and Parker, Jonathan A., Measuring the Cyclicality of Real Wages: How Important is Composition Bias (October 1992). NBER Working Paper No. w4202, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=227978

Gary Solon (Contact Author)

University of Arizona ( email )

Department of Economics
Eller College of Management
Tucson, AZ 85719
United States

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Robert B. Barsky

Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago ( email )

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University of Michigan at Ann Arbor - Department of Economics ( email )

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Jonathan A. Parker

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Sloan School of Management ( email )

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National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

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