Unele consideraţii privind obiectul actului juridic civil (Some Considerations Regarding the Subject of the Civil Juridical Document)

10 Pages Posted: 3 Jan 2014

See all articles by Moise Bojinca

Moise Bojinca

University Constantin Brancusi of Targu-Jiu

Date Written: December 28, 2011

Abstract

Romanian Abstract: În doctrina anterioară, corespunzătoare vechii reglementări, prin obiect al actului juridic se înţelegea conduita părţilor stabilită prin acel act juridic, adică acţiunile sau inacţiunile la care erau îndreptăţite ori de care erau ţinute părţile. În situaţia în care conduita privea un bun, acesta forma obiectul derivat al actului juridic civil respectiv. Ca atare, obiectul actului juridic civil era identic cu obiectul raportului juridic căruia îi da naştere, îl modifica sau stingea acel act juridic. Actualul Cod civil distinge în mod expres între obiectul actului juridic şi obiectul obligaţiei şi implicit între acestea şi obiectul prestaţiei. Astfel, potrivit art. 1225 alin. (1) Cod civil „Obiectul contractului îl reprezintă operaţiunea juridică, precum vânzarea, locaţiunea, împrumutul şi altele asemenea, convenită de părţi, astfel cum aceasta reiese din ansamblul drepturilor şi obligaţiilor contractuale”, iar conform art. 1226 alin. (1) Cod civil „Obiectul obligaţiei este prestaţia la care se angajează debitorul”. Aşa cum rezultă din definiţia legală se poate afirma că obiectul actului juridic îl constituie totalitatea obligaţiilor ce revin părţilor actului juridic, fiecare având propriul ei obiect. Obiectul actului juridic este potrivit prevederilor art. 1179 Cod civil o cerinţă generală, esenţială, de fond pentru validitatea actului juridic civil.

English Abstract: In the previous doctrine corresponding to the old regulation, by the subject of the juridical document, it was meant the behaviour of the parties established by that juridical document, namely the actions or inactions the parties had the right or they were hold to. If the behaviour was related to a good, this formed the derived subject of the respective civil juridical document. As such, the subject of the civil juridical document was identical to the subject of the juridical report it gives birth to, it changes or it stopped that juridical document. The current Civil Code distinguishes expressly between the subject of the juridical document and the subject of the obligation and implicitly between them and the subject of the performance. Therefore, according to art. 1225 paragraph (1) of the Civil Code “The subject of the contract is represented by the juridical operation, such as the sale, the location, the loan and others, agreed by the parties, as it results from the ensemble of the contract rights and obligations”, and according to art. 1226 paragraph (1) of the Civil Code “The subject of the obligation is the performance the debtor commits to”. As it results from the legal definition, we may affirm that the subject of the juridical document is constituted by the total obligations belonging to the parties of the juridical document, each of them having its own subject. The subject of the juridical document is according to the stipulations of art. 1179 of the Civil Code, a general, essential, basic requirement for the validity of the civil juridical document.

Note: Downloadable document is in Romanian and English.

Keywords: obiectul actului juridic, obiectul obligaţiei, bun individual determinat, subject of the juridical document, subject of the obligation, determined individual good,

JEL Classification: K19

Suggested Citation

Bojinca, Moise, Unele consideraţii privind obiectul actului juridic civil (Some Considerations Regarding the Subject of the Civil Juridical Document) (December 28, 2011). Annals of the Constantin Brancusi University - Juridical Sciences Series, No. 4, 2011, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2302303

Moise Bojinca (Contact Author)

University Constantin Brancusi of Targu-Jiu ( email )

Eroilor Street No.30
Targu-Jiu, Gorj
Romania

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