Bank Funding Constraints and the Cost of Capital of Small Firms
20 Pages Posted: 27 Feb 2014 Last revised: 16 Jan 2015
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The cost of capital in a model of financial intermediation with coordination frictions
Date Written: February 13, 2014
Abstract
This paper analyzes how banks’ funding constraints impact the access and cost of capital of small firms. Banks raise external finance from a large number of small investors who face coordination problems and invest in small, risky businesses. When investors observe noisy signals about the true implementation cost of real sector projects, the model can be solved for a threshold equilibrium in the classical global games approach. We show that a “socially optimal” interest rate that maximizes the probability of success of the small firm is higher than the risk-free rate, because higher interest rates relax the bank’s funding constraint. However, banks will generally set an interest rate higher than this socially optimal one. This gives rise to a built-in inefficiency of banking intermediation activity that can be corrected by various policy measures.
Keywords: bank finance, small business, global games, strategic uncertainty, optimal return
JEL Classification: D82, C72, G21, G32
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation