Education, Health and Wages

60 Pages Posted: 24 Mar 2014 Last revised: 26 Jan 2023

See all articles by James J. Heckman

James J. Heckman

University of Chicago - Department of Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER); American Bar Foundation; Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA); CESifo (Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute)

John Eric Humphries

Yale University - Department of Economics

Greg Veramendi

Arizona State University (ASU) - Economics Department

Sergio Urzua

Northwestern University

Multiple version iconThere are 2 versions of this paper

Date Written: March 2014

Abstract

This paper develops and estimates a model with multiple schooling choices that identifies the causal effect of different levels of schooling on health, health-related behaviors, and labor market outcomes. We develop an approach that is a halfway house between a reduced form treatment effect model and a fully formulated dynamic discrete choice model. It is computationally tractable and identifies the causal effects of educational choices at different margins. We estimate distributions of responses to education and find evidence for substantial heterogeneity in unobserved variables on which agents make choices. The estimated treatment effects of education are decomposed into the direct benefits of attaining a given level of schooling and indirect benefits from the option to continue on to further schooling. Continuation values are an important component of our estimated treatment effects. While the estimated causal effects of education are substantial for most outcomes, we also estimate a quantitatively important effect of unobservables on outcomes. Both cognitive and socioemotional factors contribute to shaping educational choices and labor market and health outcomes. We improve on LATE by identifying the groups affected by variations in the instruments. We find benefits of cognition on most outcomes apart from its effect on schooling attainment. The benefits of socioemotional skills on outcomes beyond their effects on schooling attainment are less precisely estimated.

Suggested Citation

Heckman, James J. and Humphries, John Eric and Veramendi, Greg and Urzua, Sergio Samuel, Education, Health and Wages (March 2014). NBER Working Paper No. w19971, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2413331

James J. Heckman (Contact Author)

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John Eric Humphries

Yale University - Department of Economics ( email )

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Greg Veramendi

Arizona State University (ASU) - Economics Department ( email )

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United States

Sergio Samuel Urzua

Northwestern University ( email )

2001 Sheridan Road
Evanston, IL 60208
United States

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