How the Internet, BCRA, and Super PACs have Affected Donor Attitudes, Behavior, and Campaigns

Abstract

We examine how structural changes have affected donation behavior and attitudes. We consider three major factors: first, the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) and its banning of soft money; second, the emergence of independent expenditure-only committees, or Super PACs; and the availability of the Internet in campaign fundraising. We find that BCRA has led to the major presidential candidates raising much more money. We find that donors generally oppose Super PACs and may decrease trust in the system. Finally, we find that the Internet has altered how individuals contribute money and how they interact with candidates and campaigns.