Culture, Ethnicity and Diversity
62 Pages Posted: 2 Mar 2015
There are 2 versions of this paper
Culture, Ethnicity and Diversity
Date Written: March 2015
Abstract
We investigate the empirical relationship between ethnicity and culture, defined as a vector of traits reflecting norms, attitudes and preferences. Using surveys of individual values in 76 countries, we find that ethnic identity is a significant predictor of cultural values, yet that within-group variation in culture trumps between-group variation. Thus, in contrast to a commonly held view, ethnic and cultural diversity are unrelated. We explore the correlates of cultural diversity and of the overlap between culture and ethnicity, finding that the level of economic development is positively associated with cultural diversity and negatively associated with the overlap between culture and ethnicity. Finally, although only a small portion of a country's overall cultural heterogeneity occurs between groups, this does not imply that cultural differences between groups are irrelevant. Indeed, we find that civil conflict becomes more likely when there is greater overlap between ethnicity and culture.
Keywords: between-group diversity, civil conflict, cultural fractionalization, cultural traits, culture, ethnicity, heterogeneity, identity, social norms, within-group diversity
JEL Classification: D74, J15, P48, Z10
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation