Temporal Mindsets and Self-Regulation: The Motivation and Implementation of Self-Regulatory Behaviors
Journal of Consumer Psychology, 25(2), 231-244
37 Pages Posted: 4 Apr 2015
Date Written: November 13, 2014
Abstract
Self-regulation requires connecting desired goals (benefits sought) with means of attainment (implementation plans). Individual differences in the consideration of future consequences (CFC) can influence self-regulation. Although a high- (low-) CFC orientation has generally been considered a preoccupation with future (present) events and needs, we argue that a complete characterization also includes the ability (less ability) to construct specific action plans. With a mix of lab and field studies, we demonstrate that either general implementation recommendations or distant benefits trigger planning and motivate self-regulation for high-CFC individuals. Specific implementation recommendations coupled with proximate benefits help low-CFC individuals plan and self-regulate. In Study 1, we measure CFC and vary the temporal location of benefits and specificity of implementation recommendations to motivate exercising and show that self- generated specific plans mediate self-regulatory intentions. In Study 2, we assess actual self- regulatory behaviors for participants in a walking program. This research has theoretical implications for the temporal construal and planning literatures and practical implications for increasing self-regulation among individuals who do not consider the long-term consequences of their current actions.
Keywords: Consideration of future consequences; Self-regulation; Planning
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