How Effective are Federal Food Safety Regulations? The Case of Eggs and Salmonella Enteritidis

Resources for the Future Discussion Paper 15-24

30 Pages Posted: 26 Jun 2015

Date Written: June 12, 2015

Abstract

In 2009 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) estimated that its shell egg rule would reduce illness from Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) by about 79,000 cases annually (37%), with a range from about 30,000 to 191,000 cases avoided. I assess the effectiveness of this rule, which requires farmers who sell eggs to adopt SE control measures, by comparing illness from SE with illness from other Salmonella serotypes, using a differences-in-differences approach. The data reject the hypothesis that the rule reduced illnesses by FDA’s best 2009 estimate, but do not reject a hypothesis of no effect. The percentage of young broilers that test positive for SE has a modest effect on the incidence of human cases of salmonellosis caused by SE. Recent literature offers two other reasons to adjust FDA’s prospective 2009 calculations. One adjustment would follow the Centers for Disease Control’s use of a lower multiplier to infer the total number of (unobserved) cases of illness from those confirmed by positive lab tests. A second adjustment would lower the average cost of Salmonella cases, by recognizing lower risk of severe sequelae. These adjustments and the new retrospective assessment of the effectiveness of the rule together suggest that the benefits of FDA’s egg rule may be a small fraction of the prospective estimate of benefits, and less than the prospective estimate of costs. I conclude with some policy recommendations to make food safety regulations more effective.

Keywords: food safety, salmonella, retrospective, effects of regulation

Suggested Citation

Lutter, Randall, How Effective are Federal Food Safety Regulations? The Case of Eggs and Salmonella Enteritidis (June 12, 2015). Resources for the Future Discussion Paper 15-24, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2622715 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2622715

Randall Lutter (Contact Author)

Resources for the Future ( email )

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Washington, DC 20036
United States

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