Networks and the Macroeconomy: An Empirical Exploration

98 Pages Posted: 14 Jul 2015

See all articles by Daron Acemoglu

Daron Acemoglu

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Department of Economics; Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Ufuk Akcigit

University of Chicago - Department of Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER); Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR)

William Kerr

Harvard University - Entrepreneurial Management Unit

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Date Written: July 2, 2015

Abstract

The propagation of macroeconomic shocks through input-output and geographic networks can be a powerful driver of macroeconomic fluctuations. We first exposit that in the presence of Cobb-Douglas production functions and consumer preferences, there is a specific pattern of economic transmission whereby demand-side shocks propagate upstream (to input-supplying industries) and supply-side shocks propagate downstream (to customer industries) and that there is a tight relationship between the direct impact of a shock and the magnitudes of the downstream and the upstream indirect effects. We then investigate the short-run propagation of four different types of industry-level shocks: two demand-side ones (the exogenous component of the variation in industry imports from China and changes in federal spending) and two supply-side ones (TFP shocks and variation in knowledge/ideas coming from foreign patenting). In each case, we find substantial propagation of these shocks through the input-output network, with a pattern broadly consistent with theory. Quantitatively, the network-based propagation is larger than the direct effects of the shocks. We also show quantitatively large effects from the geographic network, capturing the fact that the local propagation of a shock to an industry will fall more heavily on other industries that tend to collocate with it across local markets. Our results suggest that the transmission of various different types of shocks through economic networks and industry interlinkages could have first-order implications for the macroeconomy.

Keywords: economic fluctuations, geographic collocation, input-output linkages, networks, propagation, shocks.

JEL Classification: E32.

Suggested Citation

Acemoglu, Daron and Akcigit, Ufuk and Kerr, William R., Networks and the Macroeconomy: An Empirical Exploration (July 2, 2015). Harvard Business School Entrepreneurial Management Working Paper No. 16-006, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2630102 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2630102

Daron Acemoglu

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Department of Economics ( email )

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Ufuk Akcigit

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William R. Kerr (Contact Author)

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