Risk Tolerance, Gender, and Entrepreneurship: The Palestinian Case
PEP working paper series 2015-11
27 Pages Posted: 26 Sep 2015 Last revised: 11 Jul 2018
Date Written: September 24, 2015
Abstract
This paper analyzes the inter-relationships between entrepreneurial propensity, fear of failure (fof), and gender using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Adult Population Survey (APS) data for 2009, 2010, and 2012 for a number of countries. The results show that the fear of failure, higher among women, negatively affects entrepreneurial status while the skill perception does the opposite. It is also found that gender increases the probability of fear of failure, although this result is not stable over time. Using the Conditional Mixed Process (CMP) specification, we find that gender and fof both reduce the predicted probability of entrepreneurship consistently over time. The only variable that consistently predicts fof and is significant is skill perception; its impact is negative. Policy implications of this research point to the importance of reducing the gender gap in entrepreneurship. Particularly, in order to encourage more females to be entrepreneurs, there is a need to improve their skill perception. This will reduce fof and increase entrepreneurial propensity. This could be achieved by many tools such as through networking and media coverage of success stories, etc.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Gender, Risk Tolerance, Palestine
JEL Classification: L26, J16, D81, O53, O57
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation