Do Positive Illusions Predict Overconfidence in Judgment? A Test Using Interval Production and Probability Evaluation Measures of Miscalibration

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 24(2), p.117-139

50 Pages Posted: 20 Jan 2016

See all articles by Denis Hilton

Denis Hilton

University of Toulouse

Isabelle Régner

University of Toulouse 1

Laure Cabantous

Cass Business School, City University London

Laetitia Charalambides

University of Toulouse 1

Stephane Vautier

University of Toulouse 1

Date Written: April 1, 2011

Abstract

We address the question as to whether judgmental overconfidence, as assessed by probability miscalibration, is related to positive illusions about the self. We first demonstrate that judgmental overconfidence measured with interval production procedures can be considered a trait, due to correlations observed in miscalibration scores in two sets of general-knowledge questions of varying difficulty administered at different times. In addition, the hard-easy effect operated in different ways on overprecision and self-placement of one’s performance relative to others: the more difficult the calibration task, the greater the overprecision but the greater the underplacement of one's performance. Finally, there was no evidence that miscalibration was related to dispositional optimism and self-efficacy. A second study extended these results by including further measures of disposition to experience positive illusions such as unrealistic optimism, a general tendency to consider oneself “better-than-average”, and two indexes of dispositional perception of control. The positive illusion measures showed considerable inter-correlations, but did not correlate with miscalibration on the interval production task, and correlated negatively with optimism concerning societal risks. A final study replicated this pattern of findings, but showed that disposition to positive illusions did predict miscalibration on the same questions measured with a probability evaluation technique. Our research demonstrates that “overconfidence” is not a unitary construct, but a series of overlapping ones.

Keywords: Overconfidence, Miscalibration, Positive Illusions, Worse-than-average Effect

Suggested Citation

Hilton, Denis and Régner, Isabelle and Cabantous, Laure and Charalambides, Laetitia and Vautier, Stephane, Do Positive Illusions Predict Overconfidence in Judgment? A Test Using Interval Production and Probability Evaluation Measures of Miscalibration (April 1, 2011). Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 24(2), p.117-139, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2718284

Denis Hilton

University of Toulouse ( email )

41 Allées Jules Guesde - CS 61321
TOULOUSE
France

Isabelle Régner

University of Toulouse 1 ( email )

Place Anatole France
Toulouse Cedex, F-31042
France

Laure Cabantous (Contact Author)

Cass Business School, City University London ( email )

106 Bunhill Row
London, EC1Y 8TZ
United Kingdom

Laetitia Charalambides

University of Toulouse 1 ( email )

Place Anatole France
Toulouse Cedex, F-31042
France

Stephane Vautier

University of Toulouse 1

Place Anatole France
Toulouse Cedex, F-31042
France

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