Guns, Bird Feathers, and Overcriminalization: Why Courts Should Take the Second Amendment Seriously
14 Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy 17, 2016
30 Pages Posted: 27 Feb 2017 Last revised: 3 Jun 2017
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Guns, Bird Feathers, and Overcriminalization: Why Courts Should Take the Second Amendment Seriously
Guns, Bird Feathers, and Overcriminalization: Why Courts Should Take the Second Amendment Seriously
Date Written: 2016
Abstract
Who should the state punish? Why? Should punishment be proportional? This article surveys, in the context of these fundamental criminal-law questions, the Second Amendment’s constitutional history and jurisprudence. A vast body of evidence shows that the framers of both the Second and Fourteenth Amendments intended to protect the individual’s right to keep and carry arms for protection against both governmental and private aggression.
Yet courts, unwilling to allow disfavored groups the means of self-defense, or fearing being blamed for criminal firearm activity, have failed to enforce the right to bear arms to any meaningful extent. After the Civil War, the U.S. Supreme Court read portions of the Fourteenth Amendment out of the Constitution. In the twentieth century, despite the Court’s rejection of both the proposition that the Second Amendment right belonged only to states and the proposition that government had plenary power to limit arms possession, lower courts refused to enforce any limit on governmental power over the right to keep and bear arms. After District of Columbia v. Heller declared with no lack of clarity that the Second Amendment protected an individual arms right, lower courts nonetheless continue flagrantly to defy the Supreme Court’s mandate.
This judicial abdication has allowed the continued legislative overcriminalization of entirely peaceable citizens that the state has no reason to have on its radar. The vast majority of gun laws are malum prohibitum possessory offenses that often provide greater penalties than heinous malum in se offenses. This legislative overreach and judicial underenforcement has been enabled by the systematic demonization of both firearm owners and certain types of firearms. This suggests that modern gun control, rather than a genuine attempt to reduce crime, is all too often an effort to create moral panic.
Keywords: self-defense, constitutional history, right to bear arms, Fourteenth Amendment, Second Amendment, District of Columbia v. Heller, overcriminalization, malum prohibitum, malum in se
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