Sovereignty and Subsistence: Native Self-Government and Rights to Hunt, Fish, and Gather After ANCSA

42 Pages Posted: 9 Jan 2017

See all articles by Robert T. Anderson

Robert T. Anderson

University of Washington School of Law

Date Written: December 1, 2016

Abstract

The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) was passed in 1971 to extinguish aboriginal rights of Alaska Natives and provide compensation for those rights extinguished. Instead of vesting assets (land and money) in tribal governments, Congress required the formation of Alaska Native corporations to receive and hold these assets. A major flaw in the settlement was the failure to provide statutory protections for the aboriginal hunting, fishing, and gathering rights extinguished by ANCSA. Moreover, while ANCSA did not directly address Alaska Native tribal status or jurisdiction, the Supreme Court interpreted the Act to terminate the Indian country status of ANCSA land. Subsequently, Title VIII of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) was adopted in 1980 to provide a subsistence priority for rural Alaska residents, but the approach contemplated in Title VIII failed due to the State of Alaska’s unwillingness to participate. On the self-government front, state and federal courts have joined the federal Executive Branch and Congress in recognizing that Alaska Native tribes have the same legal status as other federally recognized tribes in the lower forty-eight states. The Obama Administration recently changed its regulations to allow land to be taken in trust for Alaska Native tribes, and thus be considered Indian country subject to tribal jurisdiction, and generally precluding most state authority. This article explains these developments and offers suggestions for a legal and policy path forward.

Keywords: Native Alaskans, Native Americans, tribal sovereignty, aboriginal title, trust lands

Suggested Citation

Anderson, Robert T., Sovereignty and Subsistence: Native Self-Government and Rights to Hunt, Fish, and Gather After ANCSA (December 1, 2016). Alaska Law Review, Vol. 33, No. 2, Pp. 187-227 , 2016, University of Washington School of Law Research Paper No. 2017-01, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2893331

Robert T. Anderson (Contact Author)

University of Washington School of Law ( email )

Seattle, WA
206.685-2861 (Phone)

HOME PAGE: https://www.law.washington.edu/directory/profile.aspx?ID=104

Do you have negative results from your research you’d like to share?

Paper statistics

Downloads
176
Abstract Views
848
Rank
306,549
PlumX Metrics