Analytic Loss Distributional Approach Models for Operational Risk from the Α-Stable Doubly Stochastic Compound Processes and Implications for Capital Allocation

Abstract

Under the Basel II standards, the Operational Risk (OpRisk) advanced measurement approach is not prescriptive regarding the class of statistical model utilised to undertake capital estimation. It has however become well accepted to utlise a Loss Distributional Approach (LDA) paradigm to model the individual OpRisk loss process corresponding to the Basel II Business line/event type. In this paper we derive a novel class of doubly stochastic α-stable family LDA models. These models provide the ability to capture the heavy tailed loss process typical of OpRisk whilst also providing analytic expressions for the compound process annual loss density and distributions as well as the aggregated compound process annual loss models. In particular we develop models of the annual loss process in two scenarios. The first scenario considers the loss process with a stochastic intensity parameter, resulting in an inhomogeneous compound Poisson processes annually. The resulting arrival process of losses under such a model will have independent counts over increments within the year. The second scenario considers discretization of the annual loss process into monthly increments with dependent time increments as captured by a Binomial process with a stochastic probability of success changing annually. Each of these models will be coupled under an LDA framework with heavy-tailed severity models comprised of α-stable severities for the loss amounts per loss event. In this paper we will derive analytic results for the annual loss distribution density and distribution under each of these models and study their properties.

Keywords: Operational Risk, Loss Distributional Approach, Doubly stochastic Poisson Process, α-Stable, Basel II, Solvency II