On the Values of Vehicle-to-Grid Electricity Selling in Electric Vehicle Sharing

33 Pages Posted: 15 May 2018

See all articles by Yiling Zhang

Yiling Zhang

University of Minnesota - Twin Cities - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering

Mengshi Lu

Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr School of Business, Purdue University

Siqian Shen

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor - Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering

Date Written: May 2, 2018

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth in the mass adoption of vehicle sharing systems across the world. Among various vehicle sharing systems, electric vehicle (EV) sharing is considered as the most effective means in reducing fossil fuel consumption and alleviating urban transportation problems. In this paper, we study how to further enhance the effectiveness of EV sharing as a promising sustainable transportation solution for the future by integrating vehicle-to-grid (V2G) electricity selling in EV sharing systems. In specific, we study service-zone and facility capacity planning and fleet management in EV sharing systems with V2G integration. We formulate the problem as a two-stage stochastic integer program. In the first stage, we optimize integer decision variables representing the planning of service zones, the capacity of parking and charging facilities, and the allocation of EVs in each zone under uncertain time-dependent travel demand and electricity prices. In the second stage, for each demand-price realization, we construct a time-and-vehicle-charging-status-expanded transportation network and optimize the operations of shared vehicle fleet, the charging of EV batteries, and the V2G selling process. We develop Benders decomposition and scenario decomposition algorithms for efficiently solving the proposed models with finite samples. By solving diverse instances generated from real-world and synthetic data, we demonstrate the computational efficacy of our approaches and study the benefits of integrating V2G in EV sharing from three aspects, including i) service provider benefit through higher profitability, ii) consumer benefit through improved service satisfaction, and iii) socio-environmental benefit through the reduction of private vehicle ownership and mileage and providing flexible capacity to the power grid.

Keywords: Sustainable Transportation, Energy Systems, Electric Vehicle Sharing, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Two-Stage Stochastic Integer Programming, Decomposition Algorithms

Suggested Citation

Zhang, Yiling and Lu, Mengshi and Shen, Siqian, On the Values of Vehicle-to-Grid Electricity Selling in Electric Vehicle Sharing (May 2, 2018). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3172116 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3172116

Yiling Zhang

University of Minnesota - Twin Cities - Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering ( email )

111 Church St SE
Minneapolis, MN 55455
United States

Mengshi Lu

Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr School of Business, Purdue University ( email )

403 Mitch Daniels Blvd.
West Lafayette, IN 47907
United States

Siqian Shen (Contact Author)

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor - Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering ( email )

1205 Beal Avenue
Ann Arbor, MI 48109
United States

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