Akses terhadap Keadilan bagi Masyarakat Rentan di Mahkamah Konstitusi (Access to Justice for Vulnerable Groups in the Indonesian Constitutional Court)

Indonesian Judicial Reform Forum (IJRF), pp. 122-140, January 2018

21 Pages Posted: 13 Jul 2018

See all articles by Pan Mohamad Faiz

Pan Mohamad Faiz

Center for Research and Case Analysis, the Constitutional Court of Indonesia

Oly Viana Agustine

Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

Date Written: January 15, 2018

Abstract

Indonesian Abstract: Sebagai pelaku kekuasaan kehakiman, Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) memiliki kewenangan untuk menguji konstitusionalitas undang-undang. Pihak yang berhak mengajukan permohonan dalam perkara pengujian undang-undang tersebut terdiri dari perorangan warga negara Indonesia, kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat, badan hukum publik atau privat, dan lembaga negara. Luasnya cakupan pemohon yang dapat memiliki kedudukan hukum (legal standing) tersebut sejatinya telah membuka lebar akses keadilan bagi masyarakat rentan untuk melindungi dan memperjuangkan hak-hak konstitusionalnya. Tulisan ini menganalisis sejauhmana MK memberikan akses keadilan bagi masyarakat rentan, baik yang bersifat teknis dan prosedural maupun alasan substantif dalam putusan. Dalam konteks ini, tidak sedikit permohonan pengujian undang-undang yang putusannya bersifat erga omnes diajukan oleh orang-perorang tanpa didampingi kuasa hukum atau kelompok warga bersama dengan lembaga swadaya masyarakat (NGOs). Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat putusan-putusan MK yang telah memperkuat dan memulihkan hak konstitusional bagi masyarakat rentan yang terdiri dari anak-anak, perempuan, penyandang disabilitas, buruh migran, dan masyarakat hukum adat. Namun demikian, akses keadilan bagi masyarakat rentan di MK belum dapat optimal tersedia. Sebab, MK memiliki keterbatasan kewenangan untuk mengadili perkara pengaduan konstitusional (constitutional complaint) yang justru menjadi instrumen terpenting bagi MK di banyak negara guna melindungi hak-hak konstitusional warga negara mereka. Selain itu, MK perlu mempertimbangkan untuk menyediakan semacam pos bantuan hukum bekerjasama dengan lembaga penyedia bantuan hukum bagi masyarakat rentan yang memerlukan pendampingan dan nasihat hukum secara pro bono.

English Abstract: As a judicial institution exercising judicial power, the Constitutional Court has authority to review the constitutionality of laws. The parties entitled to lodge an application in constitutional review case consist of individual Indonesian citizens, indigenous peoples, public or private legal entities, and state institutions. The extensive scope of applicants who can have legal standing has provided a wide access to justice for vulnerable groups for protecting and defending their constitutional rights. This paper analyses to what extent the Constitutional Court provides access to justice for vulnerable groups, both in technical and procedural matters as well as substantive reasons in the Court’s decisions. In this context, many constitutional review cases, which its decisions are erga omnes, are submitted by individuals without any legal representations or a group of people having the same interest represented by non-governmental organisations (NGOs). This paper concludes that there are Constitutional Court’s decisions deemed to have strengthened and restored the constitutional rights for vulnerable groups consisting of children, women, persons with disabilities, migrant workers and indigenous people. However, the access to justice for vulnerable groups in the Constitutional Court has not been optimally fulfilled since the Court has limited authorities to exercise constitutional complaint cases that become the essential instrument for the constitutional courts in many countries to protect their citizen’s constitutional rights. In addition, the Constitutional Court should consider providing a legal aid post in cooperation with legal aid providers for vulnerable groups who need legal assistance and advice for free.

Note: Downloadable document is in Indonesian.

Keywords: Akses Keadilan, Mahkamah Konstitusi, Masyarakat Rentan, Pengujian Undang-Undang, Access to Justice, Constitutional Court, Constitutional Review, Vulnerable Groups

Suggested Citation

Faiz, Pan Mohamad and Agustine, Oly Viana, Akses terhadap Keadilan bagi Masyarakat Rentan di Mahkamah Konstitusi (Access to Justice for Vulnerable Groups in the Indonesian Constitutional Court) (January 15, 2018). Indonesian Judicial Reform Forum (IJRF), pp. 122-140, January 2018, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3200282

Pan Mohamad Faiz (Contact Author)

Center for Research and Case Analysis, the Constitutional Court of Indonesia ( email )

Jalan Medan Merdeka Barat No. 6
Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta 10110
Indonesia

Oly Viana Agustine

Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia ( email )

Jl. Medan Merdeka Barat No.6
Jakarta, 10110
Indonesia

Do you have negative results from your research you’d like to share?

Paper statistics

Downloads
95
Abstract Views
376
Rank
495,746
PlumX Metrics