Newsvendor Decisions with Two-Sided Learning

34 Pages Posted: 14 Sep 2018 Last revised: 31 Dec 2020

See all articles by Yiangos Papanastasiou

Yiangos Papanastasiou

University of California, Berkeley - Haas School of Business

Date Written: August 30, 2018

Abstract

A substantial collection of work in operations management considers settings where a firm faces uncertain demand that depends on parameters that are ex ante unknown, but can be learned by observing historical data. This work typically assumes that future demand is unaffected by the firm's learning process. However, in the new era of social media, it is increasingly the case that the information used by the firm to gauge future demand (e.g., sales and stockouts, consumer feedback) is now also observable to the consumers and may influence their purchase decisions. In this paper, we consider a newsvendor model where a product of ex ante unknown value is sold in an environment where learning is "two-sided," in that both the firm and the consumers learn the product's value over time by observing the same information. The analysis establishes a consequential insight: when learning is two-sided, the value of information is often negative for the firm; as a result, the firm' optimal stocking quantity is often lower than that under one-sided learning. Moreover, under certain conditions we identify, we show that the optimal stocking quantity can be even lower than the critical-fractile policy, in stark contrast to the recurring prescription found in existing literature of "stocking more" in the presence of learning. Further results and numerical experiments suggest that the loss for the firm from failing to account for the two-sidedness of the learning process can be significant.

Keywords: operations management, newsvendor model, two-sided learning, social learning

Suggested Citation

Papanastasiou, Yiangos, Newsvendor Decisions with Two-Sided Learning (August 30, 2018). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3241279 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3241279

Yiangos Papanastasiou (Contact Author)

University of California, Berkeley - Haas School of Business ( email )

545 Student Services Building, #1900
2220 Piedmont Avenue
Berkeley, CA 94720
United States

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