경제적 어려움을 경험한 집단의 가족생활만족도와 영향요인 (Family Life Satisfaction and the Influencing Factors of a Group Experienced Economic Difficulties)

Abstract

Koren Abstract: 본 연구는 경제적 어려움을 경험한 집단의 가족생활만족도와 그 영향요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 제12차 복지패널 자료를 이용하여 총 6,444명을 대상으로, 지난 1년간 경제적 어려움 집단 1,131명, 경제적 외의 어려움 경험집단 2,201명, 그리고 어떠한 어려움도 경험하지 않은 집단 3,112명을 구분하여 분석하였다.
본 연구의 주요결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 가족생활만족도는 전체집단이 7점 중 5.50이었고, 경제적 어려움 집단(5.04)이 다른 하위집단에 비해 만족도가 가장 낮았으며, 경제적 요인(가계수지지표, 비상자금지표, 중기부채부담지표, 장기부채부담지표, 주관적 수입만족도) 및 심리적 요인(우울감, 자아존중감), 가족관계적 요인(배우자 및 자녀관계 만족도, 성역할관, 가정생활 스트레스) 모두 경제적 어려움 집단이 가장 부정적으로 나타났다.
둘째, 경제적 어려움 집단의 가족생활만족도는 우울감과 가정생활 스트레스가 낮을수록, 자아존중감과 배우자․자녀관계만족도가 높을수록 만족도가 높았다. 전체 및 다른 하위집단 비교해보면, 심리적 요인과 가족관계적 요인은 유사한 결과를 보였으나, 경제적 요인은 경제적 어려움 집단에서는 유의하지 않았던 요인이 다른 집단에서는 부분적으로 유의하였다.
셋째, 위계적 회귀분석을 통하여 사회인구학적, 경제적, 심리적, 가족관계적 요인들이 가족생활만족도를 어느 정도 설명하는지를 살펴본 결과, 전체 및 하위집단별 집단 모두에서 가장 영향력이 큰 것은 가족관계적 요인이었으며, 심리적 요인, 경제적 요인, 사회인구학적 요인의 순으로 나타났다.
이상의 연구 결론을 기초로 경제적 어려움을 겪고 있는 집단에 대한 정책적 지원 및 심리상담을 통한 심리적 지지 및 관계 개선의 필요성을 제안하였다.

English Abstract: The purpose of this study was to find family life satisfaction and its influence on a group that experienced economic difficulties. Data were obtained from 2017 12th Korea Welfare Panel Study, and 1,131 subjects, who had experienced economic difficulties for last year, were selected (economic difficulty experienced group). A total of 2,201 subjects, who had experienced other difficulties except for economic difficulties (other difficulty experienced group) and 3,112 subjects who had no any difficulties (no difficulty experienced group) were selected.

Main results were as follows:

First, family life satisfaction measured by a 7 point Likert scale revealed 5.50 for the total group, 5.04 for economic difficulty experienced group, 5.41 for the other difficulty experienced group, and 5.74 for no difficulty experienced group. For economic factors (expenditure/income index, monthly expenditure/total liquid asset index, total debt/total liquid asset index, total debt/total asset index, subjective income satisfaction), the levels of the group that experienced economic difficulties were the lowest out of the three groups. For psychological factors (depression, self-esteem), the group that experienced economic difficulties showed the most negative levels of three groups. For the family relation factors (spouse relation satisfaction, child relation satisfaction, stress from daily life), the group that experienced economic difficulties showed the most negative levels out of the three groups.

Second, for the group experienced economic difficulties, family life satisfaction for men (husbands) was lower than that for women (wives). In addition, a lower depression and stress from daily life were associated with a higher self-esteem and spouse-child relation satisfaction, and the higher family life satisfaction.

Furthermore, psychological factors and family relation factors had significant effects on family life satisfaction for all three groups. In contrast, economic factors, which did not show significant effect on family life satisfaction for the economic difficulty experienced group, had partially significant effects on family life satisfaction for other two groups.

Third, a comparison of the influence levels based on the results of hierarchical regression analysis, family relation factors were the strongest factors influencing family life satisfaction, followed in order by the psychological factor, economic factors, and socio-demographic factor.

Finally, based on the above main results, to enhance the family life satisfaction of the families who were having economic difficulties, and economic support policy would be necessary. On the other hand, family’s economic improvement might be not easy in a short period time. In that sense, psychological support programs, such as spouse support program, stress reducing program, and improving family relationship program might be helpful in enhancing family life satisfaction on the short term.

Note: Downloadable document is in Korean.

Keywords: economic difficulty, family life satisfaction, economic factor, psychological factor, family relation factor