The Geopolitical Impact of Nord Stream 2
Sziklai, B. R., Kóczy, L., & Csercsik, D. (2020). The impact of Nord Stream 2 on the European gas market bargaining positions. Energy Policy, 144, 111692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111692
23 Pages Posted: 27 Mar 2019 Last revised: 3 Feb 2021
Date Written: March 27, 2019
Abstract
We investigate the geopolitical impact and the possible consequences of the construction of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline. We model the European gas network as a cooperative game between regions as players over the pipeline network, where LNG is also treated as a separate player. We focus on the change of influence of the players in three different scenarios. We investigate how the power of the agents shift when the Nord Stream pipeline is expanded, when the Ukrainian pipeline is shut down and finally when both of these happen. Our calculations show that when Nord Stream 2 is operational, Russia and Western Europe improve their position compared to the base scenario, while other suppliers, notably Norway, together with Central- Eastern- and Southern Europe suffer losses, especially when the Ukrainian route is dismissed. The results highlight that both the supporters and adversaries of Nord Stream 2 are governed by self-interest and solidarity and trust, the values proclaimed by the EU and the Energy Union, remain but a slogan.
Keywords: as supply, Pipeline network, Shapley value, Cooperative games, Nord Stream
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