Klimasøksmålet og Grunnloven § 112: Hva rommer tiltaksplikten i 3. ledd? (The People v. Arctic Oil Lawsuit and the Norwegian Constitution Section 112: The Obligation to Take Measures in the Third Paragraph)

Nordic Environmental Law Journal 11(1), 47-67, 2019

21 Pages Posted: 10 Mar 2020

Date Written: 2019

Abstract

Norwegian Abstract: Selv om saksøkerne tapte rettsaken i Oslo tingrett, etter å ha anført at den 23. konsesjonsrunden ikke var gyldig siden den brøt med § 112 i den norske Grunnloven, avviste tingretten Riksadvokatens påstand om at han ikke anså Grunnloven § 112 som en rettighetsbestemmelse. Tingrettens vurdering av tiltak etter tredje ledd for gjennomføring av rettighetene har fire svakheter. For det første er begrepet ‘adekvate’ tiltak for upresist til å kvalifisere tiltakene, og begrepet ‘effektive’ tiltak er bedre til å identifisere tiltakene som er i stand til å nå klimamålene. For det andre ble det internasjonale systemet for handel med utslippskvoter og stortingsdebatter ansett som tilstrekkelig for at plikten til å iverksette tiltak i § 112 var overholdt. For det tredje ble utslippene fra forbrenning utenfor Norge ansett som 'ikke relevante' for å vurdere om grunnloven § 112 og petroleumsloven hadde blitt overholdt. For det fjerde mente domstolen at omfanget av tiltakene i § 112 tredje ledd var avgjørende for å bestemme eksistensen av rettighetene i henhold til første og annet ledd, ved å peke på at de avbøtende tiltakene skal bringe omfanget av inngrepet ned til en tillatt terskel. Artikkelen gir en omfattende menneskerettighetsvurdering av klimaendringer i lys av Grunnloven § 112, og også kravene i (forrige) utredningsforskrift, som artikkelen finner at ikke er blitt etterlevd.

English abstract: Even though the plaintiffs lost the legal writ in the Oslo District Court, after alleging that the 23rd licensing round awards were not valid as they violated Article 112 of the Norwegian Constitution, the Attorney General’s claims that he did not consider the Constitution § 112 as a rights were rejected. On the taking of measures for the implementation of the rights there are, however, four weaknesses in the judgment. First, the term ‘adequate’ measures is too imprecise to qualify the measures and the term ‘effective’ measures is better in identifying the measures able to achieve the climate targets. Second, the reliance upon the international system of emissions trading and debates in the Norwegian Parliament were considered by the court as adequate for the duty to take measures in Section 112 to be complied with. Third, the emissions resulting from the consumption outside of Norway were considered as ‘not relevant’ for assessing whether Section 112 of the Constitution and the Norwegian Petroleum Act had been complied with. Fourth, the Court linked the scope of the measures taken in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section 112 as decisive for determining the existence of the rights under the first and second paragraphs, as the measures must bring the encroachment ‘down to’ the permitted threshold. The article provides a comprehensive human rights assessment of climate change in light of Section 112 of the Constitution, and also the requirements of the (previous) regulation on investigations, that the article finds have not been complied with.

Note: Downloadable document available in Norwegian.

Keywords: Climate Law Suits, Effective Measures, Norwegian Constitution, Norwegian Petroleum Act

JEL Classification: K32, K41, Q35, Q54

Suggested Citation

Haugen, Hans Morten, Klimasøksmålet og Grunnloven § 112: Hva rommer tiltaksplikten i 3. ledd? (The People v. Arctic Oil Lawsuit and the Norwegian Constitution Section 112: The Obligation to Take Measures in the Third Paragraph) (2019). Nordic Environmental Law Journal 11(1), 47-67, 2019, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3531576

Hans Morten Haugen (Contact Author)

VID Specialized University ( email )

P.O.Box 184 Vindern
Oslo, 0319
Norway
+4722451797 (Phone)
+4722451950 (Fax)

HOME PAGE: http://www.vid.no

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