Novel Approaches of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles in MIC, MBC, Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Activities against Bacteria, Yeast and Biofilms

Abstract

In recent years, infectious diseases, especially those that are caused by pathogens, have seen a dramatic proliferation due to resistance to multiple antibiotics. Magnesium oxide can easily be metabolized and reabsorbed in the body apart from being light metal having antimicrobial activity. nMgO (Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles) have great antimicrobial properties for medical use. It is necessary to determine MIC, MBC and MFC of nMgO against prevalent bacteria and yeast. The objective of present study was to compare of nMgO against the nine prevalent pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms including two gram negative bacteria, three gram positive bacteria and four yeast with drug resistant strain. The MLC (Minimal lethal concentration) of nMgO at 90% killing varied from 0.7mg/ml to 1.4mg/ml and the MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) varied from 0.5 mg/ml to 1.2 mg/ml of nMgO against different pathogenic bacteria & yeast. During the study when concentration of nMgO increased, the adhesion of bacteria and yeast was decreased. At concentration 1.4 mg/ml and 1.6 mg/ml the nMgO work more potent depending upon the type of bacteria and yeast tested.

Moreover, S. epidermidis biofilm was disturbed at 1.6 mg/ml of nMgO. E.coli and some yeast showed membrane damage after culture with ≥ 0.5 mg/ml nMgO. Overall nMgO killed both planktonic bacteria and disturbed nascent biofilm, suggesting new antimicrobial mechanism of nMgO. Future studies are needed to determine if specific concentration of nMgO at MIC, MLC or MPC level can be integrated into a medical device to evoke desired antimicrobial responses without harming host cell.

Keywords: nMgO, MIC, MBC, Antibiofilm