The Ratifications of the Withdrawal Agreement: UK and EU Perspectives

Abstract

This paper analyses the legal outcome of the Brexit negotiations, focusing on the ratifications of the resulting Withdrawal Agreement in both the UK and the EU. To this end the paper examines the ratification and legal implementation of the Withdrawal Agreement in the UK via the EU Withdrawal Agreement Act 2020, and discusses the complex process of retention of EU law in the UK after Brexit regulated by the EU Withdrawal Act 2018. Moreover, the paper examines the ratification of the Withdrawal Agreement in the EU, and discusses its legal consequences from the EU perspective showing that Brexit has a plethora of effects also for the EU.

Keywords: EU, UK, Withdrawal Agreement, Ratification process, legal consequences

JEL Classification: K 33, K 39