Rolling Signal-Based Ripley's K: A New Algorithm to Identify Spatial Patterns In Histological Specimens

Abstract

The spatial distribution, or pattern, of cells within a tissue underlies organ function. However, these are difficult to identify, making it challenging to evaluate how these patterns are established, or how diseases may disrupt and impair their function. To address this, we developed an algorithm that identifies spatial patterns within tissues and used it to study the bone marrow, a specialized microenvironment in which spatial patterning of regulatory cells influence the cell fate of hematopoietic stem cells. Using this algorithm, we discovered clusters of cells within the bone marrow that suggest an organization of micro-niches, which may form the basis of the hematopoietic stem cell microenvironment. This work provides a new tool for the identification of spatial patterns within tissues that can lead to a deeper understanding of tissue function, provide clues for the early onset of disease, and be used for studying the impact of pharmaceutics on tissue regeneration.

Keywords: Bone marrow, hematopoietic stem cell niche, Ripley's K, Mapping the bone marrow