Canada v. Asad Ansari: Avatars, Inexpertise, and Racial Bias in Canadian Anti-Terrorism Litigation

Michael Nesbitt and Kent Roach, eds. Toronto 18 Terrorism Trials. Calgary: University of Calgary (Forthcoming).

Posted: 23 Jun 2020

See all articles by Anver M. Emon

Anver M. Emon

University of Toronto - Faculty of Law; University of Toronto Department of History

Aaqib Mahmood

University of Toronto, Faculty of Law

Date Written: May 29, 2020

Abstract

This essay examines the case of Asad Ansari, who was 25 years old at the time of his trial as part of the so-called Toronto 18. Through a close examination of certain aspects of his case, this essay will show that rather than Asad Ansari, what was on trial was an avatar of Ansari, which took shape through the explicitly inexpert and implicitly racially biased litigation of Islam itself. The very structure of the litigation collapsed Islam, the religion, into the defendant. The absurdity of this absent expertise is pregnant in the facially neutral, but substantively suspect, procedural structure of the litigation via the form of evidentiary motions and the use of leading questions on cross-examination. This procedural structure was substantially suspect in the case of Ansari because utterly inexpert testimonies and biased perspectives were permitted by the very structure of Canada’s adversarial system of justice. From the accused Ansari, to the government prosecutors, and even to the government paid confidential informants, no one was disinterested in the outcome of the trial. Yet none were duly certified by the court as impartial experts on Islam, jihad or the regional conflicts in Iraq, Syria or Afghanistan, despite all of them testifying about such matters as proxies for the defendant’s state of mind. Nor did the presiding judge Justice Fletcher Dawson—in the role of the paternal (if not patronizing) overseer of the jury—recognize the relevant parties were litigating matters outside their personal and institutional competency. The analysis below suggests that Ansari was found guilty not because he contravened anything that would fall within the anti-terrorism legislation. Rather, his guilt is premised upon the fact that he read, reviewed, and thought about ideas that the security state considers radical and even threatening. Because those ideas were embedded in propaganda from groups like al-Qaida, the Taliban, and Iraqi insurgencies, ultimately the person of Ansari was collapsed into these hard to find and harder to defeat groups.

Keywords: Terrrorism; Anti-Terrorism; Criminal Prosecution; Canada; Justice; Racial Bias; Religion; Islam

Suggested Citation

Emon, Anver M. and Mahmood, Aaqib, Canada v. Asad Ansari: Avatars, Inexpertise, and Racial Bias in Canadian Anti-Terrorism Litigation (May 29, 2020). Michael Nesbitt and Kent Roach, eds. Toronto 18 Terrorism Trials. Calgary: University of Calgary (Forthcoming)., Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3614107

Anver M. Emon (Contact Author)

University of Toronto - Faculty of Law ( email )

84 Queens Park
Toronto, Ontario M5S2C5
Canada
416-946-5241 (Phone)

University of Toronto Department of History ( email )

Canada
416.946.5241 (Phone)

Aaqib Mahmood

University of Toronto, Faculty of Law ( email )

Toronto
Canada

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