Welfare Benefits, Minimum Wage Rate and the Duration of Welfare Spells: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Canada

25 Pages Posted: 18 Jul 1997

See all articles by Bernard Fortin

Bernard Fortin

Université Laval - Département d'Économique; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER); IZA Institute of Labor Economics

Guy Lacroix

Université Laval - Département d'Économique

Date Written: April 1997

Abstract

In this paper we analyze the impact of benefits on the length of welfare spells. It introduces a "natural experiment" approach of comparing the length of welfare spells before and after a major reform of the welfare program that took place in the Province of Quebec in August 1989. An important feature of this reform was the abolishment of discrimination based on age that applied to the benefits single individuals and childless couples below the age of 30 were entitled to. With the reform, their monthly benefits rose from $173 (1986) to $425, an increase of over 145%. To analyze the impact of the reform, we utilize a semi-parametric duration model with time-varying covariates such as welfare benefits, minimum wage rate, unemployment rate, etc. We find that benefits have an important impact on spell duration of individuals below 30 years of age. We also find that the minimum wage rate has an adverse effect on the duration of individuals in the 18-24 age group but a positive effect on those in the 25-29 age group. Finally, our estimates suggest that the reform increased the expected duration on welfare from 2 to 4.5 months.

JEL Classification: C41, I38

Suggested Citation

Fortin, Bernard and Lacroix, Guy, Welfare Benefits, Minimum Wage Rate and the Duration of Welfare Spells: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Canada (April 1997). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=36844 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.36844

Bernard Fortin

Université Laval - Département d'Économique ( email )

2325 Rue de l'Université
Ste-Foy, Quebec G1K 7P4 G1K 7P4
Canada
418-656-5678 (Phone)
418-656-7798 (Fax)

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

1050 Massachusetts Avenue
Cambridge, MA 02138
United States

IZA Institute of Labor Economics

P.O. Box 7240
Bonn, D-53072
Germany

Guy Lacroix (Contact Author)

Université Laval - Département d'Économique ( email )

2325 Rue de l'Université
Ste-Foy, Quebec G1K 7P4 G1K 7P4
Canada
418-656-2024 (Phone)
418-656-7798 (Fax)

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