Effect of Religiosity and Spirituality on Employees Prosocial Behavior with the Mediatory Role of Humanism and Ethics

Abstract

Purpose - People belongs to different religious groups found prosocial with each other instead of having different religious beliefs and practices, but the reason is less known about why it is so. This paper aims to answer this question by proposing a theoretical framework, hypothesizing that religiosity inculcates the spirit of humanism and ethics, that would turn individual into prosocial, religiosity also tends to make people more spiritual, in turn, make them more humane and ethical. Hence, we investigated the impact of religiosity and spirituality on pro-social behavior keeping humanism and ethics as a mediating variable. Also, the link between religiosity and spirituality is established in this paper.

Design\methodology - A well-structured framework is developed, and the PLS-SEM two-step approach is used to generate results by using SmartPLS3. Data is collected through primary data collection technique and a survey based on 1000 questionnaires is conducted out of which 356 responses were received.

Findings - The empirical result shows that religiosity has a significant positive impact on prosocial behavior directly, as well as through Humanism and ethics. Whereas spirituality has an insignificant impact on prosocial behavior directly but has an indirect effect through both humanism and ethics. It is also found that religiosity also has a significant impact on spirituality.

Limitations - Data is limited to upper and middle-level employees of well-performing organizations of Karachi.

Keywords: Religiosity; Spirituality; Humanism; Ethics; Prosocial-behavior; Pakistan