Climate Ambition and Sustainable Development for a New Decade: A Catalytic Framework

Abstract

This paper examines the Global Climate Action Agenda (GCAA) and discusses options to improve sub- and non-state involvement in post-2020 climate governance. A framework that stimulates sub- and non-state action is a necessary complement to national governmental action, as the latter falls short of achieving low-carbon and climate-resilient development as envisaged in the Paris Agreement. Applying design principles for an ideal-type orchestration framework, we review literature and gather expert judgements to assess whether the GCAA has been collaborative, comprehensive, evaluative and catalytic. Results show that there has been greater collaboration and coordination among orchestrators, for instance, in the organization of events. However, mobilization efforts remain event-driven and too little effort is invested in understanding the progress of sub- and non-state action. Data collection has improved, although more sophisticated indicators are needed to evaluate climate and sustainable development impacts. Finally, the GCAA has recorded more action, but relatively little by actors in developing countries. As the world seeks to recover from the COVID-19 crisis, a post-2020 GCAA could make a vital contribution to climate action in challenging times by helping governments keep climate and enhance commitments; strengthening capacity for sub- and non-state action; enabling accountability; and helping to realize sustainable development.

Keywords: Climate Action, Global Governance, UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, Orchestration, Transnational Actors