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People Living with HIV Easily Lose Their Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2: Result from a Cohort of COVID-19 Cases in Wuhan, China

17 Pages Posted: 27 Jan 2021

See all articles by Yanling Xiao

Yanling Xiao

Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Infectious Diseases

Songjie Wu

Wuhan University

Gifty Marly

Nanjing University - School of Public Health

Fangzhao Ming

Wuchang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Mengmeng Wu

Wuhan University

Weiming Tang

University of North Carolina Project-China; Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University

Ke Liang

Wuhan University - Department of Infectious Disease; Wuhan University - Department of Nosocomial Infection; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer; Wuhan University - Center of Preventing Mother-to-child Transmission for Infectious Diseases

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Abstract

Background: To date, whether the immune response for SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV(PLWH) is different from HIV-naïve individuals is still not clear.

Methods: In this cohort study, COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital in Wuhan between January 15 and April 1, 2020, were enrolled. Patients were categorized into PLWH and HIV-naïve group. All patients were followed up regularly (every fifteen days) until November 30, 2020, and the immune response towards SARS-CoV-2 was observed.

Findings: Totally, 18 PLWH and 185 HIV-naïve individuals with COVID-19 were enrolled. The positive conversion rates of IgG were 56% in PLWH and 88% in HIV-naïve patients respectively, and the peak was on the 45th day after COVID-19 onset. However, the positive rate of IgG dropped to 12% in PLWH and 33% among HIV-naïve individuals by the end of the study. The positive conversion rate of IgG among asymptomatic carriers is significantly lower than that among moderate patients (AOR=0·18, 95% CI: 0·05-0·65) and PLWH had a lower IgG seroconversion rate compared to the HIV-naive group (AOR=0·22, 95% CI: 0·05-0·90). Patients with lower lymphocyte counts at onset had a higher positive conversion rate (AOR=0·29, 95% CI: 0·09-0·90) and longer duration for IgG (AHR=4·01, 95% CI: 1·78-9·02).

Interpretation: The positive conversion rate of IgG for SARS-CoV-2 was relatively lower and quickly lost in PLWH, which meant PLWH was in a disadvantaged situation when affected with COVID-19.

Funding Statement: This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (81903371), NIMH (R34MH119963), the National Science and Technology Major Project (2018ZX10101-001-001-003), and Special Found on Prevention and Control of New Coronary Pneumonia in Guangdong Universities (2020KZDZX1047), Medical Science and Technology Innovation Platform Support Project of Zhongnan Hospital,Wuhan University (PTXM2020008), Science and Technology Innovation Cultivation Fund of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University (cxpy2017043), and the Medical Science Advancement Program (Basic Medical Sciences) of Wuhan University (TFJC2018004).

Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongnan Hospital affiliated with Wuhan University (2020062).

Suggested Citation

Xiao, Yanling and Wu, Songjie and Marly, Gifty and Ming, Fangzhao and Wu, Mengmeng and Tang, Weiming and Liang, Ke, People Living with HIV Easily Lose Their Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2: Result from a Cohort of COVID-19 Cases in Wuhan, China. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3774187 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3774187

Yanling Xiao

Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University - Department of Infectious Diseases ( email )

China

Songjie Wu

Wuhan University ( email )

Wuhan
China

Gifty Marly

Nanjing University - School of Public Health ( email )

Nanjing, 211166
China

Fangzhao Ming

Wuchang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention

China

Mengmeng Wu

Wuhan University ( email )

Wuhan
China

Weiming Tang

University of North Carolina Project-China ( email )

Guangzhou, 510095
China

Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University

Guangzhou
China

Ke Liang (Contact Author)

Wuhan University - Department of Infectious Disease ( email )

Wuhan, Hubei
China

Wuhan University - Department of Nosocomial Infection

Wuhan
China

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer

Wuhan
China

Wuhan University - Center of Preventing Mother-to-child Transmission for Infectious Diseases

Wuhan
China