Sources of Over-Performance in Equity Markets: Mean Reversion, Common Trends and Herding
30 Pages Posted: 9 May 2004
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Sources of Over-Performance in Equity Markets: Mean Reversion, Common Trends and Herding
Sources of Over-Performance in Equity Markets: Mean Reversion, Common Trends and Herding
Abstract
In the field of optimisation models for passive investments, we propose a general portfolio construction model based on principal component analysis. The portfolio is designed to replicate the first principal component of a group of stocks, instead of a traditional benchmark, thus capturing only the common trend in the stock returns. The main advantage of this approach is that the reduction of the noise present in stock returns facilitates the replication task considerably and the optimal portfolio structure is very stable. We analyse the portfolio performance over different time horizons and in different international equity markets. In the Dow Jones stock universe, the strategy over-performs both equally weighted and price weighted benchmarks, even after transaction costs. The decomposition of the strategy's over-performance into a market premium, a value premium and a volatility premium reveals a time-varying structure. Throughout most of the period studied, the value component dominated the other two, but, during the volatile periods of the last years, the strategy earned a significant volatility premium. A behavioural explanation for the mean reversion mechanism leads to the conclusion that the portfolio performance is influenced by the extent of investors' herding towards the common trend in stock returns.
Keywords: Common trends, mean reversion, herding, principal component analysis, abnormal returns, value strategies, behavioural finance
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