European Option Pricing with General Transaction Costs and Short-Selling Constraints

Abstract

In this paper, we study the problem of European Option Pricing in a market with short-selling constraints and transaction costs having a very general form. We consider two types of proportional costs and a strictly positive fixed cost. We study the problem within the framework of the theory of stochastic impulse control. We show that determining the price of a European option involves calculating the value functions of two stochastic impulse control problems. We obtain explicit expressions for the quasi-variational inequalities satisfied by the value functions and derive the solution in the case where the parameters of the price processes are constants and the investor's utility function is linear. We use this result to obtain a price for a call option on the stock and prove that this price is a nontrivial lower bound on the hedging price of the call option in the presence of general transaction costs and short-selling constraints. We then consider the situation where the investor's utility function has a general form and characterize the value function as the pointwise limit of an increasing sequence of solutions to associated optimal stopping problems. We thereby devise a numerical procedure to calculate the option price in this general setting and implement the procedure to calculate the option price for the class of exponential utility functions. Finally, we carry out a qualitative investigation of the option prices for exponential and linear-power utility functions.

Keywords: Option Pricing, Transaction Costs, Stochastic Control

JEL Classification: G13, G14, D81