Cognitive Development Among Young Children in Ecuador: The Roles of Wealth, Health, and Parenting

34 Pages Posted: 8 Jul 2005

See all articles by Christina H. Paxson

Christina H. Paxson

Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Norbert Schady

World Bank - Development Research Group

Date Written: May 2005

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between early cognitive development, socio-economic status (SES), child health, and parenting quality in a developing country. We use a sample of over 3,000 predominantly poor pre-school age children from Ecuador, and analyze determinants of their scores on the Spanish version of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (TVIP), a widely used test of language ability. We show that median age-normed test scores on the TVIP are much lower for older than younger children, and there is greater dispersion in scores among older children. We find that household socio-economic characteristics, in particular wealth and parental education, are "protective" - children from wealthier households and with more educated parents have higher scores. The associations of test scores with wealth and maternal education are larger for older children, suggesting that these factors have cumulative effects on cognitive ability. Last, we show that child health and measures of parenting quality are associated with performance on the TVIP. Children with lower hemoglobin levels perform worse on tests. Measures of parenting quality, in particular the degree to which parents are "responsive" and "harsh" toward children, and whether children are read to, account for a portion, although not the majority, of the association between SES and cognitive development.

JEL Classification: I12, O12

Suggested Citation

Paxson, Christina H. and Schady, Norbert, Cognitive Development Among Young Children in Ecuador: The Roles of Wealth, Health, and Parenting (May 2005). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=753548 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.753548

Christina H. Paxson (Contact Author)

Princeton University ( email )

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National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

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Norbert Schady

World Bank - Development Research Group ( email )

1818 H Street NW
Washington, DC 20433
United States

HOME PAGE: http://econ.worldbank.org/staff/nschady

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