Human Rights Begin at Birth: International Law and the Claim of Fetal Rights

Posted: 17 Jul 2006

See all articles by Rhonda Copelon

Rhonda Copelon

City University of New York

Christina Zampas

University of Toronto - International Reproductive and Sexual Health Law Program

Elizabeth Brusie

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Jacqueline deVore

CUNY School of Law

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Abstract

In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the foundation of human rights, the text and negotiating history of the "right to life" explicitly premises human rights on birth. Likewise, other international and regional human rights treaties, as drafted and/or subsequently interpreted, clearly reject claims that human rights should attach from conception or any time before birth. They also recognise that women's right to life and other human rights are at stake where restrictive abortion laws are in place. This paper reviews the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Inter-American Human Rights Agreements and African Charter on Human and People's Rights in this regard. No one has the right to subordinate another in the way that unwanted pregnancy subordinates a woman by requiring her to risk her own health and life for the sake of the fetus. Thus, the long-standing insistence of women upon voluntary motherhood is a demand for minimal control over one's destiny as a human being. From a human rights perspective, to depart from voluntary motherhood would impose upon women an extreme form of discrimination and forced labour.

Keywords: human rights, women's rights, claim of fetal rights, induced abortion, international law

Suggested Citation

Copelon, Rhonda and Zampas, Christina and Brusie, Elizabeth and deVore, Jacqueline, Human Rights Begin at Birth: International Law and the Claim of Fetal Rights. Reproductive Health Matters, Vol. 14, No. 27, p. 5, 2006, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=914475

Rhonda Copelon (Contact Author)

City University of New York ( email )

2 Court Square
Long Island City, NY 11101
United States

Christina Zampas

University of Toronto - International Reproductive and Sexual Health Law Program ( email )

Canada

Elizabeth Brusie

affiliation not provided to SSRN ( email )

No Address Available

Jacqueline DeVore

CUNY School of Law ( email )

2 Court Square
Long Island City, NY 11101
United States

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